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LEIBNIZ ON BINARY: THE INVENTION OF COMPUTER ARITHMETIC (2022)
100 AWESOME LATERAL THINKING PUZZLES (2022)
LEIBNIZ'S KEY PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGS: A GUIDE (2020)
LEIBNIZ'S LEGACY AND IMPACT (2019)
PROOFS OF GOD IN EARLY MODERN EUROPE (2018)
THE PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGS OF PRÉMONTVAL (2018)
TERCENTENARY ESSAYS ON THE PHILOSOPHY AND SCIENCE OF LEIBNIZ (2017)
LEIBNIZ ON GOD AND RELIGION (2016)
LEIBNIZ'S MONADOLOGY (2014)
LEIBNIZ AND THE TWO SOPHIES (2011)
SHORTER LEIBNIZ TEXTS (2006)
LEIBNIZ REINTERPRETED (2006)
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LEIBNIZ LINKS:
LEIBNIZ - AN UNIVERSAL PHILOSOPHER
Leibnizian resources
GOTTFRIED WILHELM VON LEIBNIZ
Leibniz biography and weblinks
LEIBNIZ'S ETHICS
An article by Andrew Youpa, from the Stanford Encyclopedia
of Philosophy
TEXTS AND TRANSLATIONS
Donald Rutherford's site
THE LEIBNIZ - BOUVET CORRESPONDENCE
English translations (by Berkowitz and Cook) of this important correspondence
LEIBNIZ RESOURCES
Hundreds of books and papers from philpapers
LEIBNITIANA
A wealth of resources in this great site by Gregory Brown
EARLY MODERN TEXTS
Jonathan Bennett's collection of texts from early modern philosophy
LEIBNIZ BRASIL
Brazilian Leibniz site, with Portugese translations and Leibniz links
SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA LEIBNIZ
Spanish Leibniz Society
GOTTFRIED WILHELM LEIBNIZ - PHILOSOPHY PAGES
Leibniz information and links
CHRISTOPHER NOBLE'S BLOG
With posts on Leibniz and more
GOTTFRIED LEIBNIZ
Wikipedia entry
THE CHICAGO AREA CONSORTIUM ON GERMAN PHILOSOPHY
Links to sites on Leibniz and other German philosophers
The pages of this website have been validated
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Welcome to leibniz-translations.com. On this site you will find English translations of various papers by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716), including many not previously available in English. The site is usually updated every 4 months or so (last update: June 2022).
What's new:
- Memorial Medal of Quadrature and Arithmetic Machine (1677 – 1682 (?)) new
- Reckoning Penny Abacus (1686 (?)) new
- Sketch for a Medal Commemorating His Formula for the Quadrature of the Circle (end 1696 - beginning 1697 (?)) new
- Definitions / Axioms or Principles of Right (1701 – 1705 (?)) new
- Leibniz to Johann Bernoulli (30 October 1705) new
- Chinese Windmill (date unknown) new
There are currently translations of more than 230 texts on this site. The full list is given further down this page. Alternatively, if you are searching for a specific term or text you can use this new search function, courtesy of Addam Bolger:
(For search strings, just type the words; don't use quotation marks)
Please note: The translations presented here are original and therefore copyrighted. If passages are quoted (in essays, dissertations, theses or other works, written or otherwise) then references must be made in the proper academic way. That is, the quoted passages must be attributed to the author, and the source of the translation (i.e. this website) must be cited. No more than 5% of these translations can be reproduced elsewhere without permission of the author.
ESSAYS, PAPERS AND PROJECTS: (in chronological order)
*** = new addition
- On the Incarnation of God, or, On the Hypostatic Union (1669 - 1670(?))
- Trinity. Mind. (spring - autumn 1671)
- The Philosopher's Confession (autumn 1672 - winter 1672/3?)
- Arithmetic Quadrature of the Circle (autumn 1674 - September 1676)
- On Polygamy (4 Oct. 1675)
- Notes on Henry More's Enchiridion Ethicum (spring - summer 1676?)
- That a Most Perfect Being Exists (18-21 November (?) 1676)
- Notes on Metaphysics (Dec. 1676)
- The True Method (first half of 1677 (?))
- Cartesianism, the Antechamber of the True Philosophy (1677?)
- Demonstration That God Understands All Possibles (1677?)
- Existence (1677?)
- On Indifference of Equilibrium (1677 (?))
- On the Necessity of Choosing the Best (1677?)
- That Not All Possibles Attain Existence (1677)
- On the Obligation to Believe (1st half of 1677?)
- Memorial Medal of Quadrature and Arithmetic Machine (1677 – 1682 (?)) ***
- Notes On Henry More's The Immortality of The Soul (Jan. 1677 - Jan. 1678?)
- The Distinction of Mind And Body (early 1677 - early 1678?)
- Importunate Reflections on Human Misery (1677-1716?)
- How the Soul Acts on the Body (early 1677 - early 1678?)
- The Axiom: Nothing is in the Intellect That Was Not in the Senses (October 1677 – December 1678 (?))
- On Distinct Perception (Oct. 1677 - Dec. 1678 (?))
- On Spiritual Exercises (November 1677)
- A New Observation about the Way of Testing Whether a Number is Prime (February 1678)
- On Proving Divine Existence (1678-1679 (?))
- The Views of Socrates Opposed to the New Stoics and Epicureans (1678 - 1680 (?))
- Analysis Of Abbé Lanion's Meditations on Metaphysics (summer 1678 - winter 1680/1681?)
- On Natural Law (summer 1678 - winter 1680/1)
- Algebra and Arithmetic (1679 (?))
- The Physical Origin of Circumcision (1679 - 1685 (?))
- On an Instrument or Great Art of Thinking (March - April 1679 (?))
- On Controversies (1680)
- On Public Happiness (1680?)
- Idolatries Revived Among Christians (1680 – 1684 (?))
- On Freedom and Grace (summer 1680 - summer 1684?)
- On Necessity and Contingency (summer 1680 - summer 1684?)
- Essay on the Number of Men (1683 (?))
- On Consciousness and Memory (1683-5(?))
- On What Is Absurd, False, and Problematic In Descartes (1683-1685 (?))
- On the Animal's Soul (1683 - 1685?)
- On the Dogma of the Trinity in the Fathers and the Scholastics (1683 - spring 1698)
- Divisions (summer 1683 - winter 1685/6 (?)
- Pleasure. An Observation Against Descartes (summer 1683 - winter 1685/1686?)
- On the Cartesian Method of Doubt (1684 - 1698 (?))
- Notes and comments on Brueys' Examination of the Reasons Which Gave Rise to the Separation of Protestants (first half of March 1684)
- Notes On Malebranche's Treatise on Nature and Grace (May 1684 - end 1684?)
- On the Commandment of Charity, Schism, and the Principles of the Church (1685 (?))
- Brief Preparatory Remarks in Relation to Apologetic Works (1685)
- Definitions (1685-1696?)
- Theological Propositions (autumn 1685 - spring 1686 (?))
- On Fortifying Against Dissipation of the Soul (winter 1685/1686 (?))
- On Rejecting the Particular Will of God (winter 1685/1686 (?))
- Reckoning Penny Abacus (1686 (?)) ***
- A Vindication of Divine Justice and Human Freedom (early 1686 (?))
- On The General Relation of All Things (Apr. - Oct. 1686 (?))
- Plus Ultra (April - October 1686 (?))
- Account of Two Seventeenth-Century Jews who Wrote about Religion (1688 - 1695 (?))
- On Symbols and the Characteristic Art (summer 1688 (?))
- Body Is Not a Substance (Mar. 1689 - Mar. 1690 (?))
- On the Cessation of Distinct Thoughts Without the Extinction of the Soul (Mar. 1689 - Mar. 1690 (?))
- On the System of Occasional Causes (Mar. 1689 - Mar. 1690 (?))
- The Origin of Contingent Truths (summer 1689?)
- Observation of Certain Superstitions of the Slavs (1690 (?))
- 24 Metaphysical Theses (1690s (?))
- Discourse on Noble Sentiments (after 1690?)
- Notes On Isaac Papin's The Vanity of the Sciences (after 1690?)
- On Studious People (after June 1690)
- Protogaea §§1, 2, 6, 13, 14, 20, 25, 26, 35 & 39 (1690-91)
- Notes on Denis Petau's Theological Dogmas (1691 - 1695 ?)
- On Mr. Bayle's Dictionary (1692)
- Reading Notes on Nicolas Aubin's Histoire des diables de Loudun (1693)
- Aurora, or, the Foundations of the General Science, from the Divine Light to Human Happiness (c. 1693)
- On Mary Stuart and Popess Joan (not before 1693)
- Protogaea [journal article] (January 1693)
- On Horneius' Disputationum theologicarum (after 6 April 1693)
- The Three Degrees of Strength in Opinions (May 1693 (?))
- On the Goal of the Sciences (after 9/19 October 1693)
- Reading Notes on Verhandeling van de Helle (1694)
- On the Ignorant and the Able (c. 1694)
- On Reason and Divination (1694-97?)
- On Man, Beatitude, God and Christ (1694-1696?)
- On Progress to Infinity (c. 1694-1696)
- Binary Division (second half of 1694)
- On the Way of Perfecting Medicine (26 July 1694)
- The Beginning of the Institutions of Perpetual Right (1695)
- Review of Leibniz's Codex Juris Gentium Diplomaticus (10 January 1695)
- My Arithmetic Machine (April 1695)
- Theodicy (December 1695)
- Double Infinity in Pascal And Monad (c. 1696)
- Sketch for a Medal Commemorating His Formula for the Quadrature of the Circle (end 1696 - beginning 1697 (?)) ***
- All Things Are Full of Souls (January 1697 (?))
- On the Ultimate Origination of Things (23 Nov. 1697)
- Descartes on Final Causes (no later than spring 1698)
- On Some Books Concerning the Apocalypse (not later than spring 1698)
- On the Time of Purification (not later than spring 1698)
- Reflections on Locke's Second Reply (end(?) 1699 - early 1700)
- Monads and Place (after 1700 (?))
- Demonstrations Concerning the Immense and Eternal Universe (1701)
- Definitions / Axioms or Principles of Right (1701 – 1705 (?)) ***
- Notes on Pierre Bayle's Dictionary article "Epicurus" (1702?)
- Notes on Pierre Bayle's Dictionary, article 'Origen' (1702)
- Notes on Pierre Bayle's Dictionary, article 'Paulicians' (1702)
- On Salvation Outside the Visible Church (1702?)
- Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle: New Binary Arithmetic (1703)
- Explanation of Binary Arithmetic (7 April 1703)
- Binary and the Hexagrams of Fuxi (April 1703 - end 1704)
- Notes On a Draft of the Second Part of Isaac Jaquelot's The Conformity of Faith with Reason (September 1704 (?))
- Notes on J.C.'s Answer to the Query of a Deist Concerning the Necessity of Faith (1705)
- Notes and Comments on Stephen Nye's The System of Grace and Free-Will (27 Mar. 1705)
- Note on the Rocks Which Contain Dried Out Plants and Fish (1706)
- On a Talking Dog (1706)
- Notes on Pierre Bayle's Dictionary, article 'Chrysippus' (1706)
- Draft Preface to the Theodicy (early 1707?)
- Draft Preface to the Theodicy #2 (early 1707?)
- Review of Leibniz's Theodicy (November 1710)
- A Note About the Light That Some Call Aurora Borealis (1710)
- Some Remarks on My System (1710 – 1714 (?))
- Critical Remarks on Abbé Bucquoi's Discours sur l'existence de Dieu (28 Nov. 1711)
- Review of Joseph Raphson's Demonstration of God (January 1712)
- What is it to be Polite? (May 1712)
- Review of Leibniz's Theodicy (July 1713)
- Some Remarks Made While Leafing Through the Letter "A" of Bayle's Dictionary (May 1714 (?))
- Restitution (1715)
- Chinese Windmill (date unknown) ***
- Review of the Second Volume of Collection of Various Pieces on Philosophy, Natural Religion, History, Mathematics, etc., by Mr Leibniz, Mr Clarke, Mr Newton, and Other Famous Authors (1721)
LETTERS: (in chronological order)
In addition to all of the above, portions of a further 16 texts - offcuts from my anthology Shorter Leibniz Texts - are available by clicking here or the picture of the front cover to the book (at the top of this page).
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